Cybersecurity

  

  What is Cybersecurity? 


  • Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, devices, and data from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, damage, or theft. It involves a wide range of technologies, processes, and practices designed to safeguard information and maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital assets.


  • Key Areas of Cybersecurity

  1. Network Security – Protecting internal networks from intruders by using firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), etc.

  2. Information Security – Securing data both in transit and at rest from unauthorized access or breaches.

  3. Application Security – Ensuring software and apps are free from vulnerabilities that could be exploited.

  4. Endpoint Security – Securing devices like computers, mobile phones, and tablets that connect to the network.

  5. Cloud Security – Safeguarding data and systems stored in cloud environments.

  6. Identity and Access Management (IAM) – Managing who has access to what resources and ensuring users are authenticated and authorized.

  7. Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity – Preparing for and recovering from security incidents or breaches to maintain business operations.


Common Threats

  • Malware (e.g., viruses, ransomware, spyware)

  • Phishing (fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information)

  • Man-in-the-Middle Attacks             

  • Denial-of-Service (DoS/DDoS)

  • Zero-Day Exploits

  • Social Engineering


  Best Practices

  • Use strong, unique passwords and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA)

  • Keep systems and software updated

  • Regularly back up important data

  • Educate users about phishing and cyber hygiene

  • Use antivirus and antimalware tools

  • Implement access controls and encryption


  


Cybersecurity Tools and Technologies

  • SIEM (e.g., Splunk, IBM QRadar) – Analyzes logs and detects threats in real-time.

  • EDR (Endpoint Detection & Response) – Detects and responds to threats on devices.

  • Firewalls & NGFWs – Control network traffic.

  • Vulnerability Scanners (e.g., Nessus) – Scan systems for known weaknesses.

  • Encryption Tools (e.g., VeraCrypt, OpenSSL) – Protect data confidentiality.     

          Recent Cybersecurity Incidents

  • Colonial Pipeline Ransomware Attack (2021)

  • SolarWinds Hack (2020)

  • Equifax Breach (2017)

  • Pegasus Spyware Case

 


Future of Cybersecurity

  • AI & Machine Learning – Both threats and defense.

  • Quantum Computing – Could break current encryption.

  • Blockchain for security – Emerging field.

  • Zero Trust Architecture – “Never trust, always verify” model.

 

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